Comparing Eastern Fantasy Genres: Wuxia VS Xianxia VS Xuanhuan

Two cultivators, one in red and one in black, rush to meet each other in battle

Wuxia, xianxia, and xuanhuan are three overlapping eastern fantasy genres which incorporate a traditional eastern atmosphere and martial arts elements. While they may appear similar on the surface, (often subtle) differences distinguish each genre and appeal to different audiences.

Wuxia

Wuxia stories are set in ancient China and may incorporate real historical events/figures. Characters may have superhuman martial arts abilities, but magic and fantastical elements are otherwise limited. Wuxia stories feature mortal, human characters who aren’t pursuing immortality. Think “low fantasy” or “magical realism”.

Xianxia

Xianxia is basically wuxia with added fantastical elements and concepts from Taoism and Buddhism. The genre features elements like gods, demons, and immortals. Characters are often in the process of cultivating immortality. Some of them may be hundreds if not thousands of years old.

Xuanhuan

Unlike wuxia and xianxia, xuanhuan stories are not set in ancient China. Rather, they take place in fictional worlds but still preserve a distinct eastern flavor. Xuanhuan stories may incorporate elements from other literary genres and non-east-asian cultures. You might see a “Chinese” cultivator in a European-esque setting, wielding a mechanized weapon.

Read wuxia if…

You like realism
Are interested in Chinese history
Enjoy a “pure” ancient Chinese setting

Read xianxia if…

You like wuxia but crave more fantasy
Are interested in Chinese folklore or religious/philosophical influences
Enjoy a “pure” ancient Chinese setting with a dash of mythology

Read xuanhuan if…

You appreciate unique worlds and magic systems.
Enjoy a combination of different genres, cultures, and literary influences.
Like western-style fantasy but crave an eastern flair